Analysis of existing methods for improving the efficiency of exhaust hoods in industrial ventilation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34031/ES.2025.3.06Keywords:
exhaust hood, local exhaust ventilation, energy efficiency, spiral insert, capture efficiency, CFD simulationAbstract
The article presents a systematic analysis of existing methods for improving the efficiency of exhaust hoods—the most common type of open local exhaust devices in industrial ventilation. Both passive approaches (inverted cone, rim flange, louvered inserts) and active techniques (peripheral air supply, Coanda effect, built-in fans) are reviewed. It is shown that all known solutions demonstrate high capture efficiency only when a stable convective plume is present (source buoyancy ≥ 23 W/m³). Under conditions of weak convection (q < 15 W/m³)—typical of soldering stations, Orthodox churches, or unheated paint booths—the capture efficiency drops to 60% or lower. To address this gap, an original hood design equipped with a dual conical spiral insert is proposed. The insert generates a stable swirling flow at the hood inlet, enhancing airflow stability and minimizing dilution with ambient air. Numerical simulation in SolidWorks Flow Simulation demonstrates that the proposed configuration—comprising two counter-rotating spirals (130 mm pitch, 2.5 turns, cone angles of 20° and 10°, 50 mm ribbon width)—increases capture efficiency while maintaining the required inlet velocity (≥ 0.5 m/s). This enables a reduction in exhaust airflow volume without compromising sanitary performance, thereby improving overall energy efficiency of the ventilation system.
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